Depends on what you are trying to measure.
Temporary issues such as storm damage or more permanent issues such as highway noise.
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Economic obsolescence not external obsolescence.
I doubt that any appraiser here can answer the question even remotely adequately but every appraiser should be able to account for the difference in the indicated values between their cost and market approaches due to the collapse of the housing market.
Prove me wrong! Take the challenge!
You answered your own question. Assuming one has a reliable measure of site value and physical depreciation of the site improvements (along with external obsolescence of a different type and functional obsolescence if present), the difference between your cost approach and determination of market value determined by the sales comparison approach should be your economic obsolescence.
Give or take.
Economic obsolescence is a subset of external obsolescence. Its pretty simple, account for physical and functional obsolescence, and all external that is not "economic" and the remainder is economic. Next.