Yes, deregulation was bad. Next, would you like to discuss the deregulation of California energy market which allowed Enron to rape you people while they laughed about it?
The 1999 repeal of the Glass-Steagall Act allowed commercial banks to merge with investment banks and insurance companies. This created financial "supermarkets" that could underwrite securities and offer broad services. While it allowed companies to grow massive and compete globally, it increased risks for everyday depositors.
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The practical effects of the repeal include:
- Birth of Financial Giants: Banks merged to create large conglomerates. For example, the 1998 merger of Citicorp and Travelers Group created Citigroup, one of the first major test cases for these new mega-banks.
- The 2008 Financial Crisis: These mega-banks combined safe commercial deposits with risky investments (like subprime mortgages). When the housing market collapsed, the fallout spread from Wall Street into everyday banking.
- Conflicts of Interest: Banks faced divided loyalties. They sometimes sold complex financial products to their own clients to clear space on their own balance sheets, even if the investments were bad.
- "Too Big to Fail": Banks became so large and deeply connected that the U.S. government had to bail them out to prevent the entire economy from crashing.
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- Higher Fees and Consolidation: As banks grew, smaller competitors were bought out or shut down, resulting in less choices and higher fees for consumers.