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Conditional/quality Adjustments

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In the Silicon Valley, there is a lot of money. Some people upgrade a lot, some not. There are all levels of upgrading. As I said before, you find $4M+ homes, older homes with a mixture of high end, middle tier and downright low tier features. It is not a pure Q2/3/4 world. You can knock your head against the wall trying to figure out how to place it. Of course, most just say Q3 for an upgraded home and live with it. On the other hand, I've seem homes that were relatively simple in features, very nicely designed, blend in with the surrounding, have a nice view, can be standard plans created by the owner himself, modified by the contractor approved by the structural engineer. No architect.


The central problem is that if you are analyzing 300-500 homes, 80%+ of which fall in the Q2-Q4, those 3 levels cannot be used for accurate adjustments. Now of course you could tack a decimal point after the number, e.g. Q3.4. But WTF would that mean?


Percentage lower in quality is very useful and can be audited. If you look at an appraiser's reports for the last N years, you would expect an even distribution of ratings, if they are based on percentages. If, on the contrary, he is averaging around 70%+ - you can be pretty sure he is over-valuing property.
 
but were only built of Q3 materials if they have so many roof leaks
Material has less to do with it that being able to transform a paper idea onto a real structure. The collapsed walkway at the Hyatt Regency in Kansas City was created when a design failed to take into account how you installed a vertical 100' + supporting rod. So they overlapped shorter rods at each level. Both the design and the recommended fix were flawed and the contractor was held partially to blame but the engineers lost their licenses and million were paid out to the injured and families.

Quality in a house today is hard to define. Is a 6" wall on 16" centers better than 4" studs? Probably not. If you put only 4" insulation, certainly not. Is Hardiplank better than LP? Are Tamko shingles better than metal? Quality can be a conundrum.

Several years ago an agri machinery company had a small US built gearbox on their brush cutter. They switched to a larger Chinese gearbox. Both were good gear boxes, but marketing found out the competition was touting the large size of their Chinese gearboxes and claiming they were stronger than those other guys. Both gearboxes were well built and rated for the same horsepower. We have a local builder who charges more than the rest. Is it better? I have been in several of his homes and I cannot tell a bit of difference...resales? They sell to the same as most other similar homes so I suppose the market can't tell the difference either.
 
Brett, your thinking is in riddles sometimes ( perhaps you are too smart for this rather simple field )

Some appraisers will have a high percent of Q ratings in a certain category for the reason that is what most homes in their area are, /most of their assignments are. If an appraiser works in an area comprised of 90% Q4 homes, then 90% of their ratings in the appraisals will be Q4 category.
 
Overimprovment.."NONE at all that putting granite and stainless in the kitchen, and replacing dimensional shingles with clay and copper gutters would push over the line?"

Interesting question but I look at it this way- what is considered an upgrade for a C 4 home, is considered standard f, or even sup par for a C 3 home. So if the owner of a C 4 home put in granite and stainless in the kitchen, and replaced dimensional shingles with clay and copper gutters, they upgraded their C 4 home..

But hate to say it, the owner of a Q3 home might be ripping out their granite and replacing it with quartz and replacing the mid level stainless appliances with the newest highest rated appliances ,whether in stainless or black steel etc. .

The level of upgrading the market expects is higher from one Q category to the next....so if a Q 4 owner and Q3 owner were both upgrading at same time, it would be expected the Q3 owner would spend more and select higher or custom finishes...if not, then they are not doing a quality upgrade in keeping with the house. And a Q4 owner over spends on upgrading might create a super adequacy. So...that is why we are bought in to analyze it all..

In example above, the C 4 house though upgraded is still a C 4 house because of its intrinsic design, floor plan and architecture. Likewise the upgraded Q 3 home is still a Q 3, - its archetype, floorplan, design are superior to the C 4 home,, but despite being upgraded, it is still inferior in architecture, design, floor plan and initial build materials compared to a Q2 home.And a Q2 home getting an upgrade would see even more custom, exotic, ultra quality and cost materials...
 
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The only problem with not using Salford-Systems MARS, is that you are much less likely to get a simple, understandable initial model of the tangibles that also has a high R2 of say 0.75-0.85, in other words, a model that uses the tangible variables such as GLA and LotSize to account for 75% to 85% of the variations in sales prices. That leaves only 15%-25% for adjusting the intangibles. This is important, because the appraiser has to subjectively estimate the value of the intangibles for the subject as a percentage ranking. This ranking is subject to some inaccuracy. The better model you have for the tangibles, the less effect in error in the subjective estimate of the subject's intangible value.
Which leaves us at pretty much square one. Comp selection should take care of the 75% to 85%, leaving the appraiser to rank the value influence of the remainder features...which we already do with a much less formal methodology. IMO a well crafted regression model is likely to be more credible.
 
Q ratings...easier perhaps to look at different car models. Two cars can have upgrades ( leather seats, alloy wheels/ sunroof), but one is a BMW 3, the other a Toyota Corolla. Adding upgrades did not make the Corolla into a BMW. It's the engine, the wheelbase, the gearing ratio, the design...same as in a house there should be intrinsic build quality and design /style/construction differences between homes of different Q ratings, it's not just quality materials or upgrades. The ratings themselves spell it out, though they could do so more clearly perhaps.

Separating out Q ratings from mere upgrades, even a lot of upgrades, is important, because it helps identify the best comps and also helps identify the most likely typically motivated buyer.

Is a buyer for an upgraded Toyota Corolla the same buyer as for the BMW 3, their smallest , cheapest model, but still a class up in design, style, engineering ? Probably not. Same as with houses. Typically, buyers for Q 3 houses won't look at Q 4 houses, and a buyer for Q 2 houses won't look at Q 3 houses.

Imo if we to line item out the upgrades for their own contributory line adjustment . Because whether all our comps are the same Q ratings, or the Q ratings differ, each comp can have its own level of upgrades compared to subject. Doing so helps clarify, when an adjustment should be made for upgrades, or when it should be made for a Q rating.
 
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Which leaves us at pretty much square one. Comp selection should take care of the 75% to 85%, leaving the appraiser to rank the value influence of the remainder features...which we already do with a much less formal methodology. IMO a well crafted regression model is likely to be more credible.

No you truly don't understand, there is often a VERY much smarter way to do things. Do you, for example, understand the elegance, simplicity and clarity of how Eratosthenes estimated that circumference of the Earth over 2000 years ago? It was actually very simple geometry. It was brilliant and simple. He was off by only 3% in 200BC, Columbus was off by 25% 1700 years later, it was only in the late 18th century that any one else came close.

Once you understand it, it is very hard to understand how no one accepted his argument. Let me briefly describe, although it would be very easy with a chalkboard: There is a well in Syene, Egypt (near the current Aswan dam) that one day a year has the bottom completely lit by the sun, i.e. the sun is directly over the well. That means if you drew a line from the Sun to the center of the Earth it would go through Syene. At that exact time, Eratosthenes noted than in Alexandrea, about 500 miles directly north, the sun created a shadow from tall objects that was at an angle that was 1/50th of a circle. Because of geometric symmetry, that meant that the angle from the center of the Earth to Syene and Alexandria was also 1/50th of a circle. Therefore the circumference of the Earth was 50 times the distance from Syene to Alexandria. If you go on Google Earth and draw a line (Path tool) from Aswan to Alexandria, you will get a distance of about 516 miles. 50x 516 miles = 25,800 miles. The Earth's circumference is 24,901. That is a 3.6% difference.

"How an Ancient Greek Measured the Size of Earth "

"Our first mentor of measurement did something that was probably thought by many in his day to be impossible. An ancient Greek named Eratosthenes (ca. 276-194 B.C.) made the first recorded measurement of the circumference of Earth. If he sounds familiar, it might be because he is mentioned in many high school trigonometry and geometry textbooks. Eratosthenes didn’t use accurate survey equipment, and he certainly didn’t have lasers and satellites. He didn’t even embark on a risky and probably lifelong attempt at circumnavigating Earth. Instead, while in the Library of Alexandria, he read that a certain deep well in Syene, a city in southern Egypt, would have its bottom entirely lit by the noon sun one day a year. This meant the sun must be directly overhead at that point in time. But he also observed that at the same time, vertical objects in Alexandria (almost straight north of Syene) cast a shadow. This meant Alexandria received sunlight at a slightly different angle at the same time. Eratosthenes recognized that he could use this information to assess the curvature of Earth. He observed that the shadows in Alexandria at noon at that time of year made an angle that was equal to an arc of one-fiftieth of a circle. Therefore, if the distance between Syene and Alexandria was one-fiftieth of an arc, the circumference of Earth must be 50 times that distance. Modern attempts to replicate Eratosthenes’s calculations vary by exactly how much the angles were, conversions from ancient units of measure, and the exact distances between the ancient cities, but typical results put his answer within 3% of the actual value.1 Eratosthenes’s calculation was a huge improvement over previous knowledge, and his error was less than the error modern scientists had just a few decades ago for the size and age of the universe. Even 1,700 years later, Columbus was apparently unaware of or ignored Eratosthenes’s result; his estimate was fully 25% short. (This is one of the reasons Columbus thought he might be in India, not another large, intervening landmass where I reside.) In fact, a more accurate measurement than Eratosthenes’s would not be available for another 300 years after Columbus. By then, two Frenchmen, armed with the finest survey equipment available in late-eighteenth-century France, numerous staff, and a significant grant, finally were able to do better than Eratosthenes.2 Here is the lesson for business: Eratosthenes made what might seem an impossible measurement by making a clever calculation on some simple observations. When I ask participants in my measurement and risk analysis seminars how they would make this estimate without modern tools, they usually identify one of the “hard ways” to do it (e.g., circumnavigation). But Eratosthenes, in fact, may not have even left the vicinity of the library to make this calculation. One set of observations that would have answered this question would have been very difficult to make, but his measurement was based on other, simpler observations. He wrung more information out of the few facts he could confirm instead of assuming the hard way was the only way.

Hubbard, Douglas W.. How to Measure Anything: Finding the Value of Intangibles in Business (pp. 10-11). Wiley. Kindle Edition. "

Similarly, the method I use nails down the value contribution of the intangibles for the comparables, i.e. Condition+Quality+Appeal (Style) + possibly View (depending on how the model was created). - Without subjective input by the appraiser. The appraiser's subjective input is limited to the subject property. That greatly reduces error, and makes the argument for opinion of value fairly objective.

The consistent argument that runs through Hubbard's book is that there is very often a much smarter way to estimate or measure intangibles. Read his book.
 
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I know the story...did before you told it 2wce. It IS a good story tho.

I don't understand what it is I'm not understanding...If I'm missing something fundamental please restructure the argument so I can try again.

Comparable selection should take care of the major value influences...leaving residuals (for lack of a better term).

I'm saying I agree with you that your method is more credible than what is typical. I previously said that experienced appraisers already do that...subconsciously, subjectively, whatever term you want to apply. It is not limited to the subject...it is applied to the subject. After observing thousands of sale data points and talking to hundreds of participants...most appraisers have a decent feel for influences and should be able to present/explain it. Sensitivity analyses does narrow the field a bit to comparables but even then we have an idea about the reasonableness of the results. You have found a way to formalize that process and support the conclusions in a more credible way in my opinion...I applaud you for it.

I love it but I still think it's overkill for most assignments a typical res-appraiser is going to see. That conclusion comes from experimenting with the very methods you describe...manually (ie Excel). It was so time consuming that I determined it wasn't worth it for the intended uses I was dealing with. If I had your tools and knowledge...I'd probly be singing a different tune...but I'm not.
 
I know the story...did before you told it 2wce. It IS a good story tho.

I don't understand what it is I'm not understanding...If I'm missing something fundamental please restructure the argument so I can try again.

Comparable selection should take care of the major value influences...leaving residuals (for lack of a better term).

I'm saying I agree with you that your method is more credible than what is typical. I previously said that experienced appraisers already do that...subconsciously, subjectively, whatever term you want to apply. It is not limited to the subject...it is applied to the subject. After observing thousands of sale data points and talking to hundreds of participants...most appraisers have a decent feel for influences and should be able to present/explain it. Sensitivity analyses does narrow the field a bit to comparables but even then we have an idea about the reasonableness of the results. You have found a way to formalize that process and support the conclusions in a more credible way in my opinion...I applaud you for it.

I love it but I still think it's overkill for most assignments a typical res-appraiser is going to see. That conclusion comes from experimenting with the very methods you describe...manually (ie Excel). It was so time consuming that I determined it wasn't worth it for the intended uses I was dealing with. If I had your tools and knowledge...I'd probly be singing a different tune...but I'm not.

I'm not disagreeing with your comments regarding comp selection and adjustments....
Because I share a similar opinion....

That's why I find it curious that many AF members who pooh-pooh the "Book of Adjustments" don't recognize that THEY do have one....:)
At least in their heads....
 
I'm not disagreeing with your comments regarding comp selection and adjustments....
Because I share a similar opinion....

That's why I find it curious that many AF members who pooh-pooh the "Book of Adjustments" don't recognize that THEY do have one....:)
At least in their heads....
I am in no way advocating a "book of adjustments". I always saw that as blind adjustment application. Experience does matter but foolish to assume what is relevant to one appraisal problem automatically has relevance to another. Bert can probly demonstrate that mathmatically better than I can explain it.
 
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