It is THE MARKET and THE MARKET ALONE that takes into account things like crime rates, cost of living, unmentionable demographics, etc etc.
This is called the law of reality.
For example, Beverly Hills will have different median property values per property and per square foot, than will East LA. Delving into the sociological factors for that difference is not the appraiser's job.
Connecting all those other dots is what the BUYERS do on their own when they choose where they're going to go to buy a home.
Those criteria are not relevant to our valuation of the property as such. What is relevant is that we correctly reflect the MARKET VALUE of a particular home.
Nothing more. (That is, until the next woke Marxist administration comes in and outlaws using market value as an appraisal valuation criteria.)
You laugh, but that is exactly what is coming if and when that comes to pass politically. I will be long retired from this racket before then, so I could give a rat's ***.