Part B, Origination Through Closing
Subpart 4, Underwriting Property
Chapter 1, Appraisal Guidelines, Appraisal Report Assessment
April 1, 2009
Proximity to Subject Property and Location
The description of the proximity of the comparable sale to the subject property must be specific (for example, “two blocks south”).
Whenever possible, comparable sales in the same neighborhood as the subject property should be used. Sales prices of comparable properties in the neighborhood should reflect the same positive and negative locational characteristics.
Sales Price
The sales price of each comparable sale should be within the general range of the appraiser’s opinion of market value for the subject property.
General Requirements
The table below provides general requirements for selecting comparable sales.
Requirement
Influences that may affect value based on market evidence—such as closed sales, contract sales, and offerings or listings of the most comparable properties for sale in the market area; market studies; etc.—must be researched, analyzed, and considered in the appraisal report.
A minimum of three comparable sales must be reported as part of the sales comparison approach to value.
More than three comparable sales may be submitted to support the opinion of market value provided at least three are actual settled or closed sales.
Properties that are not truly comparable to the subject property or are in competing neighborhoods are acceptable as comparable sales provided the reason for the use of these sales as comparables is adequately documented and explained.
The appraisal must include a discussion of how a competing neighborhood is comparable to the subject neighborhood.
Note: In some situations, sales of properties that are not truly comparable or sales of properties that are located in competing neighborhoods may simply be the best comparables available and the most appropriate for the appraisal
analysis.
Requirement
Comparable sales that have been settled or closed within the last 12 months should be used in the appraisal.
Older comparable sales that are the best indicator of value for the subject property can be used if appropriate.
Comparable sales that are more than six months old must be accompanied by an appraiser explanation for use.
For example, if the subject property is located in a rural area that has minimal sales activity, the appraiser may not be able to locate three truly comparable sales that sold in the last 12 months. In this case, the appraiser may use older comparable sales as long as he or she explains why they are being used. The subject property can be used as a fourth comparable sale or as supporting data if it was previously sold and closed or settled. Contract offerings and current listings can be used as supporting data if appropriate.
Rural Properties
Rural properties often have large lot sizes and rural locations can be relatively undeveloped; therefore, there may be a shortage (or absence) of recent truly comparable sales in the immediate vicinity of a subject property that is in a rural location.
Comparable sales located a considerable distance from the subject property can be used if they represent the best indicator of value for the subject property. The appraisal must include an explanation of why the particular comparables were selected.