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Must appraisal GLA be based on city records GLA?

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Hello ZZGAMAZZ,
Thanks for the response, all very good.
1) The aspect of city records/permitted is the core of the question here. Are there general requirements in appraisal standards that state how this is to be handled? Or does the appraiser do their best to quantify the effect? In my case, the appraiser stated that it was in essence a "hard rule," as dictated by the "code enforcement" of the city, that it not be considered. Does "code enforcement" really dictate the manner in which an appraisal is performed? I would venture that the more reasonable approach, as previously stated here, is to attempt to evaluate the market value in the non-permitted living area. This could range from "fully considered" (my phrase), to not considered. It should, I believe, all depend on the quality of the work, as well as the potential negative for buyers due to not knowing how well the electrical, framing, plumbing were done. But I believe stating that it is worth $30 sq-ft, vs. $500-700 sq-ft does not accurately represent the market valuation (all SFH in this neighborhood sold for > $500 sq-ft in the last year, whether 900 sq-ft homes or 2500 sq-ft homes, unless "fire damage," "fixer upper," etc. In fact, one of the comps the appraiser used was listed as "fire damaged, bring your contractor," which also seems incredible).
2) I agree, finding comparables w/ similar "permitted/non-permitted" situation would be difficult just by looking at MLS data. Also, very few SFH sales in this neighborhood.
3) I agree. Being based in the area helps, but not necessary, as long as an understanding of neighborhoods is present. The appraiser did fine in this regard (except for picking a "fire damaged" property).
4) I generally agree regarding the significance of the CA real estate agent. But the point here is to demonstrate that since the disagreement is so large ($758,000 appraised value vs. $1,150,000 - $1,300,000 agent estimation) as to cast further doubt on the appraised value. A real estate agent will not get any additional business if they list at $1,150,000 and then have to tell the owner they must reduce the price $400,000 in order to sell.
5) I disagree. Price-per-square-foot is of practical value, and varies within normal ranges. Larger properties do see a degradation in value for each additional sq-ft, upgraded kitchens, bathrooms, etc., increase the resultant amount. But all SFH in this neighborhood sold for > $500 per sq-ft, for all sizes. Some 2,500 sq-ft homes sold for > $700 per sq-ft (VERY nice homes, view, beautiful construction). In my case stating that 2 bedrooms and a bathroom are worth $30 per sq-ft, when the general quality is indistinguishable from the "permitted" area, cannot be substantiated.
Thanks to all who read this.
gavin
 
Just because the appraiser is from Walnut Creek doesn't mean much in and of itself. Lot's of appraisers come from outside the City and are very competent in SF (Denis DeSaix for example.)

The above grade/below grade issue is just a reporting requirement for appraisals done for the GSEs (Fannie/Freddie) and FHA. The valuation is up to the appraiser who must explain the rationale.

It DOES sound like the assigned appraiser was not competent though and you should vigorously point this out to your lender. I'm sure they would be willing to get a new appraisal from a new appraiser. Insist on an appraiser based in SF with a low license number (under 3000.) You can look up appraisers at www.orea.ca.gov.
 
First of all my appraiser, a certified Appraiser, that did this inspection was aware of the size of this building.

Gavin threatened my appraiser that if he didn't use the entire GLA, he was going to cause trouble. We did use all the GLA, however, the City of San Francisco made it very clear that part of the area we measured could not be used as GLA, it was completed without benefit of permits to use as living area. We do appraisals in San Francisco each and every week and have done so for 38 years. We do know the area and we do know the law and proper ways to analyze a market value. Just because someone tries to bully or browbeat the appraiser to get their own way, doesn't mean that they are right.

We took extra care to be sure we couldn't count the extra area before we proceeded in finishing the report. Now the homeowner wants his money back and partially because of the comments on this forum. I am an AQB Certified USPAP instructor and teach appraisal courses and well as having authored books on the appraisal process. It is not pleasant for the appraiser to have to be the bearer of bad news, however, the lender/management company wanted the value of the permitted area. We did, of course, include all the area we measured on the sketch. Tom Hicks was absolutely correct in his comments.

On a final note we did call the code enforcement and permit department before having no alternative but to not count this area as GLA, but did count it as part of the overall area.

Dr. Dan Tosh, PhD, JD
California Certified General Appraiser
 
Unlike an apparent majority here, I don't automatically discount an appraiser because of office location. Where someone is located has NOTHING to do with their areas of market expertise. My office is located 30 miles south of Boston but I'm very qualified for New Bedford, which is over 40 miles away because I did my first trainee stint there. I'm also very qualified for most of Boston, which is over 30 miles away. So, again, location of office may have NO affect on the qualification of the appraiser. To think so is to be ignorant of the facts of today's world.
 
DT#13, I don't recall a JA ever commenting on the treatment of GLA in any of my assignments. Did the appraiser ask that question, specifically? Are you certain that the planner was sufficiently familiar with appraisal standards/protocol? It's interesting that I'm drawing a blank in response to that scenario. I typically confirm the permit status of any questionable improvement, with the resulting treatment in my reports varying depending upon the nuances of the assignment/property/market. I distinguish a non-permitted improvement in the sketch as well as the condition of improvements and SCA, often in the CA as well. What Gavin described in #11 as "the buyers not knowing..." typically confers inherent problems much more so than the uncertainty of the quality, normally posing the potential for a significant untoward H&S hazard, because of the certainty of quality commensurate with permitted work, with the absence of permits based upon the desire of the owner's to cut corners by refusing to use a licensed contractor. An old CSNY line is recalled, "nobody's right and everybody's wrong..."
 
Hello ZZGAMAZZ,
Thanks for the response, all very good.
1) The aspect of city records/permitted is the core of the question here. Are there general requirements in appraisal standards that state how this is to be handled? Or does the appraiser do their best to quantify the effect? In my case, the appraiser stated that it was in essence a "hard rule," as dictated by the "code enforcement" of the city, that it not be considered. Does "code enforcement" really dictate the manner in which an appraisal is performed? I would venture that the more reasonable approach, as previously stated here, is to attempt to evaluate the market value in the non-permitted living area. This could range from "fully considered" (my phrase), to not considered. It should, I believe, all depend on the quality of the work, as well as the potential negative for buyers due to not knowing how well the electrical, framing, plumbing were done. But I believe stating that it is worth $30 sq-ft, vs. $500-700 sq-ft does not accurately represent the market valuation (all SFH in this neighborhood sold for > $500 sq-ft in the last year, whether 900 sq-ft homes or 2500 sq-ft homes, unless "fire damage," "fixer upper," etc. In fact, one of the comps the appraiser used was listed as "fire damaged, bring your contractor," which also seems incredible).
2) I agree, finding comparables w/ similar "permitted/non-permitted" situation would be difficult just by looking at MLS data. Also, very few SFH sales in this neighborhood.
3) I agree. Being based in the area helps, but not necessary, as long as an understanding of neighborhoods is present. The appraiser did fine in this regard (except for picking a "fire damaged" property).
4) I generally agree regarding the significance of the CA real estate agent. But the point here is to demonstrate that since the disagreement is so large ($758,000 appraised value vs. $1,150,000 - $1,300,000 agent estimation) as to cast further doubt on the appraised value. A real estate agent will not get any additional business if they list at $1,150,000 and then have to tell the owner they must reduce the price $400,000 in order to sell.
5) I disagree. Price-per-square-foot is of practical value, and varies within normal ranges. Larger properties do see a degradation in value for each additional sq-ft, upgraded kitchens, bathrooms, etc., increase the resultant amount. But all SFH in this neighborhood sold for > $500 per sq-ft, for all sizes. Some 2,500 sq-ft homes sold for > $700 per sq-ft (VERY nice homes, view, beautiful construction). In my case stating that 2 bedrooms and a bathroom are worth $30 per sq-ft, when the general quality is indistinguishable from the "permitted" area, cannot be substantiated.
Thanks to all who read this.gavin

not sayin that you're wrong, but this is your opportunity to prove it.
 
First of all my appraiser, a certified Appraiser, that did this inspection was aware of the size of this building.

Gavin threatened my appraiser that if he didn't use the entire GLA, he was going to cause trouble. We did use all the GLA, however, the City of San Francisco made it very clear that part of the area we measured could not be used as GLA, it was completed without benefit of permits to use as living area. We do appraisals in San Francisco each and every week and have done so for 38 years. We do know the area and we do know the law and proper ways to analyze a market value. Just because someone tries to bully or browbeat the appraiser to get their own way, doesn't mean that they are right.

We took extra care to be sure we couldn't count the extra area before we proceeded in finishing the report. Now the homeowner wants his money back and partially because of the comments on this forum. I am an AQB Certified USPAP instructor and teach appraisal courses and well as having authored books on the appraisal process. It is not pleasant for the appraiser to have to be the bearer of bad news, however, the lender/management company wanted the value of the permitted area. We did, of course, include all the area we measured on the sketch. Tom Hicks was absolutely correct in his comments.

On a final note we did call the code enforcement and permit department before having no alternative but to not count this area as GLA, but did count it as part of the overall area.

Dr. Dan Tosh, PhD, JD
California Certified General Appraiser

This was certainly a way to handle an "as is" report properly as long as certain elements were credible:

With the unpermitted construction in place was it proper to classify the property as "legal" under zoning compliance? In some areas the zoning code is directly linked to proper application of building codes and to check "legal" in an instance like this where a quite readily observable issue is noted during inspection would be misleading in an "as is" report.

Secondly, and more importantly in this case, does the appraiser have credible data to back up the value given to the unpermitted area in that market? If a similar property or two with unpermitted area were used as comparables this would be readily seen within the report and might be the case here. But if not and I were the borrower here and able to rely on the report per certification 23 I would inquire if the value given to the unpermitted (as non GLA) area of $30/sf was backed up with market data from MLS and if so, to be made privy to that data that is presumably in the work file. To not count the area with regard to it being GLA is appropriate but to not count the area "properly" with regard to the value it provides (GLA or not) in an "as is" report would be inappropriate.
 
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I've argued this issue with the SF AAB on a number of occassions and they count the value of add-on area, permitted or not permitted.

Dan, what is the market reaction to unpermitted additions?
 
"Threatened"? That was a particularly comical aspect of the final appraisal report (this comment was included). In talking with the appraiser when he came out to visit, I made a statement along the lines of "If you're going to call this a 1,500 sq-ft house, we may as well cancel the appraisal because it won't show the value of the house." Never said anything about "causing trouble" (but looks like i have ;-) ).

For whatever reason (GLA #s, $ / sq-ft for additional area), this appraisal was off the mark by ~ 50% (in my estimation). If anyone is interested in looking at the comps, and providing an opinion, by all means. I provided all this information to Tosh & Assoc in my letter rebutting the appraisal.
Relevant details:
My house 1,537 GLA listed in the appraisal; plus additional 900 sq-ft not "GLA"
Credit differences in GLA vs. the comps at $100/sq-ft.
Value the 900 sq-ft at $30/sq-ft (=$29,000)
My house appraised at $758,000 (if 2,150 sq-ft were listed w/ city as GLA, would be $352 / sq-ft).
Comp #1: sold $730,000; 1,045 sq-ft; $565 / sq-ft
Comp #2: sold $890,000; 1,726 sq-ft; $516 / sq-ft (small house w/ guest cottage. relevance?)
Comp #3: sold $720,000; 1,716 sq-ft; $420 / sq-ft (MLS "Damaged by fire. Bring your contractor." my house 50% larger and not damaged by fire, but worth only 5.3% more)
Comp #4: pending $745,000; 1,450 sq-ft; $514 / sq-ft (can't be located via MLS # provided; a website lists this property for rent as a 2/1 of 900 sq-ft. questionable)
Comp #5: listed $788,888; 1,400 sq-ft; $563 / sq-ft (close neighborhood, but different, less desirable, near the projects)

I searched real estate websites (zillow, etc.) & MLS, and the following lists all SFH in neighborhood sold w/in preceeding 6 months before 13 august (when i sent the letter), but i excluded condos, the "fixer," the new construction, and the house with the swimming pool (sold for a premium). There could be similar errors w/ the data, as with my house as far as sq-ft & bedroom count, etc. (unknown).
A. 1378 Rhode Island (close to comparable #5), sold 14 June, 2/1, 1025 ft^2, $860,000, $868/ft^2.
B. 2145 18th street, sold 16 March, 2/1, 1962 ft^2, $1,865,000, $950/ft^2
C. 655 Mississippi, sold 12 Feb, 2/1, 820 ft^2, $699,000, $852/ft^2 (this property is small, but gives an indication of the demand in the area)
D. 1919 Mariposa, sold 25 May, 2/1, 1150 ft^2, $860,000, $747/ft^2 (listed at $799,000, sold for $60k over).
E. 531 Kansas, sold 12 April, 2/3, 2350 ft^2, $1,500,000, $638/ft^2
F. 470 Vermont, sold 12 June,-/1, 850 ft^2, ½ sized lot, $755,000, $888/ft^2

The appraised value of $758,000 is not substantiated by the data.
A is 2/3 the size & sold for more; B must have been a lovely house; C is 1/2 the size & sold for 8% less; D is much smaller and sold for $100,000 more; E is probably close to size of my house (ignoring permitted/non-permitted), but likely nicer; F is ~1/2 the size on !/2 sized lot and went for my appraised value.

So, does anyone out there think this appraisal is even close to the market value? There were no comments in the appraisal about "negatives" with the house (e.g., "fixer," "bad location," etc.).
Gavin
 
CANative, I am very familiar with Hopland, where you are from, since I have a karate school in Ukiah and go past there often. There are no properties in Hopland that would have this issue, however, In San Francisco, where I was considered for the Chief Appraiser position last year, they have very specific requirements for the area that can be counted as living area. There are many properties that have areas added not to code and can cause a health and safety issue. Gavin, you are your own advocate and want what you want. Appraisals are not done by taking the average of all the sales you can. We use "mulitple regression analysis" throw out the outliers, look for standard deviation, as well as the least co-variance. There is plenty of evidence to support our findings and I am finished arguing about this. As I said to you on the phone, if you have "code enforcement" come to your home, inspect it and send me a letter informing me that the area is allowed to be used as GLA (ANSI requirements), then I will re-evaluate it for free. In the mean time the other appraisers that are making uninformed commentary without benefit of a property inspection should stop trying to form an uncredible opinion of value. By the way , I was the 2nd appraiser licensed in the State of California and I do have a very low number!
 
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