>funds own shares in private companies that they can't sell
>since there is no open market for these shares, they get to claim it's worth any value they claim it is unless the company goes bankrupt
>how do I get cash from this if nobody's buying??
>just take a loan against it!
>banks know these shares might be worthless and won't loan you money?
>just have a credit rating agency rate it AAA+++ Super Great and have a fake insurance company that doesn't have the necessary money reserve to insure it sign a paper saying they'll insure the loan
>bankers know the insurance is BS, but they need to hit their KPI to get bonuses and there are no FDIC/SEC/Feds rules against it yet, so they give you the loan
>the shares are worthless, there's nothing to collect when you default on the loan later
This is what's going on right now in finance. It's 2006 with subprime mortgages again.