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nonconforming use

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ivan smith

Freshman Member
Joined
Jan 3, 2008
Professional Status
Licensed Appraiser
State
Oklahoma
The subject property has two small house on the site that are both currently rented. Zoning is R-1 Single Family. I have never appraised a nonconforming use before so i am trouble figuring out how to approach this assignment. The second small house is grandfathered in, however i don't think the owner will be able to have permits for repair, so the second house which is 88 years old and in fair condition in nearing the end of its effective life. So wouldn't the highest and best use be single family based on zoning and condition? Or since both are currently rented and grandfathered in should i appraise it as is?
 
If the property is rented the income may indicate that the H&BU is as a two unit rental. Your doubts about the repairs that may be needed in the future suggest that you discuss this with the zoning officer.
 
Hello ivan --

Welcome to the forum!

Since the second house is legal nonconforming, you can appraise the property as-is -- but only give minimal value for the accessory nonconforming unit.

While the market will give the nonconforming unit value, the lender doesn't want to have a value that is dependent on a home that can't be rebuilt -- which makes a small nominal adjustment for the second unit an appropriate response.

Question -- have you determined the minimum lot size per unit in this zone district? In the City of Denver, R1 allows one unit per 6,000 sf of land; if a lot is 12,000 sf or more, two units are allowed in R1. R2 requires 3,000 sf, and R3 is a much higher density. Zoning differs in every community, so be sure to have the correct information for this property.

Good Luck!
 
I have not determined the minimun lot size, however the subject is 44' X 140' = 6,160sf. Also the second house is accessed by alley.
 
If this is a lender appraisal stop and call the client.

A lot of times illegal uses, even when grandfathered in, cannot be rebuilt if destroyed and the lender will not be able to make a loan on the property and/or will not be able to loan on a value that includes the value of the non-rebuildable unit.

What I'd do is I'd call the town, find out if it can be rebuilt if destroyed (sounds like it can't based on your repairs comments) and speak with the client on a change in the scope of work. If they need a value that excludes the second unit you MUST report the value of the entire property in the addendum with that second unit or you cannot do the report "as is".
 
Before you go calling the lender, check the zoning code and how it addresses grandfathered, non-conforming uses. Many times it CAN be rebuilt, to the same footprint, but to new building codes if destroyed. Most people don't read far enough into the zoning code to find out what's really going on.

Jim - learn the difference between a legal-nonconforming use and a grandfathered use and an illegal use - you're using the terms interchangeably and they aren't interchangeable. The zoning code will often have definitions, in later sections.

however i don't think the owner will be able to have permits for repair
What are you basing this assumption on? Why wouldn't they be able to get permits for repair if it is a legal use? Your answers should be in the zoning code, and you should be referring to that instead of what some city clerk says - and if they say anything, they should be able to cite what portion of the zoning code that they are referring to.

Do your homework folks, and learn how to read the code. Don't just read one section and think you're done.
 
Are the two units seperately metered? What if the owner used to live there and the other smaller home was used as a guest house? They move out and rent both, I have seen it happpen, especially in college areas where there is lots of people with roomates and cramped living conditions. Does the zoning allow for a guest house?

If they are both seperately metered and both have features to stand on their own, then ok, it might be tough on you! But like smokey said, allot of times even if it is a legal non-conforming use, it can many times be rebuilt in the same footprint.
 
Before you go calling the lender, check the zoning code and how it addresses grandfathered, non-conforming uses. Many times it CAN be rebuilt, to the same footprint, but to new building codes if destroyed. Most people don't read far enough into the zoning code to find out what's really going on.

Jim - learn the difference between a legal-nonconforming use and a grandfathered use and an illegal use - you're using the terms interchangeably and they aren't interchangeable. The zoning code will often have definitions, in later sections.

You presume too much.

What are you basing this assumption on? Why wouldn't they be able to get permits for repair if it is a legal use? Your answers should be in the zoning code, and you should be referring to that instead of what some city clerk says - and if they say anything, they should be able to cite what portion of the zoning code that they are referring to.

It is VERY common in my market for illegal uses, even those that are pre-existing, to be denied permits. Each code is different. One county I do says as long as repair/renovation costs are less than 25% of the assessed building value they can be pulled; another says no repairs requiring permits are allowed; while another says 50% of building value. Hardship clauses are highly restrictive but are in each code. What he said was not out of the ordinary for me and I simply answered the question in a pragmatic way.

Do your homework folks, and learn how to read the code. Don't just read one section and think you're done.

Contrary to your assumptions, I know my codes and have read all pertinant parts for my job in each area I cover. That is no small task. Not to mention, the matrix for Future Land Uses and zoning in my counties that confound everyone. The best thing one can do is either cut and paste and the let the client figure it out for themselve, or get a quote from the zoning officer in writing and include it with the file. But whatever I do, I am not going to interpret anything in the code myself. That is just plain stupid. I'd prefer an appraiser call the town and provide the name and number and a direct quote from the Desk Jockey they spoke with, then have them interpret the code as they see it.

If you make as many assumptions in your reports as you do your posts, I... well... nevermind, I do the same thing, though my assumptions concerning the posts tend to favor the writer. :laugh:
 
Yeah, I made stupid assumption that you were referring to the OP, not something unrelated. Sorry. :-)
 
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