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USPAP question

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^^^ What he said

You can't uncrack an egg and you can't un-know about the other report or its conclusions. And whatever the reason is for using the one over the other, that bears disclosure, too.
Sometimes I think it's perfectly acceptable to acknowledge our lack of expertise in an area and defer to the judgement of professionals. An extraordinary assumption would be appropriate regardless of which report is used, as well as the statement that multiple reports were provided with differing conclusions and the client instruction to rely on the most recent. There's nothing inappropriate in this instruction.

As an aside, in a previous life I was a property manager for an apartment complex that had significant site drainage issues. Ownership commissioned an engineering report which came back with extremely detailed, and expensive, suggested solutions for the problem - from what I remember it was something like $5 million in cost. The owners took one look at the report, and asked another company for a second opinion. The second report didn't look anywhere near as pretty as the first and certainly didn't have the amount of detail, but suggested a fix for less than $500K ... the owners took the second option. I periodically drive by the complex and look - still dry after 30 years ... sometimes a bicycle can get you to the same place as a Tesla ...
 
Sometimes I think it's perfectly acceptable to acknowledge our lack of expertise in an area and defer to the judgement of professionals.
Well put. I am guessing that quite a few of us have dealt with criticism by those working in the real estate industry on an issue that an appraiser typically wouldn't criticize another appraiser on. I recall a broker faulting my appraisal for loading in the tax rate into a cap rate for an over-assessed property, rather than showing the RE tax as an expense in the income statement. Said broker certainly felt that they know the market/ property type and thus competent to determine the credibility of an appraisal. Likewise, we assess the condition of a property on pretty much every inspection and thus we HAVE to be competent in determining the credibility of a property condition report :)
 
Likewise, we assess the condition of a property on pretty much every inspection and thus we HAVE to be competent in determining the credibility of a property condition report :)
I have to respectfully disagree with you here ... a typical appraiser's knowledge of property conditions, while vastly superior to the general public, is woefully inadequate in comparison to professionals in that field, i.e., engineers, architects, etc. We know just enough to be dangerous - if something doesn't "look right" or "sound right" - but nowhere near enough to be able to hold ourselves up as "competent" to judge. That's why we HAVE to rely on third party reports to be credible. While I can tell you what the effect of a $500K needed repair is on a property's market value, I can't tell you if the cost should be $400K, $500K or $1M ... that's not my area of expertise and that why we have third party reports ... those of you who are PEs are exempt from my comment :)
 
I have to respectfully disagree with you here ... a typical appraiser's knowledge of property conditions, while vastly superior to the general public, is woefully inadequate in comparison to professionals in that field, i.e., engineers, architects, etc. We know just enough to be dangerous - if something doesn't "look right" or "sound right" - but nowhere near enough to be able to hold ourselves up as "competent" to judge. That's why we HAVE to rely on third party reports to be credible. While I can tell you what the effect of a $500K needed repair is on a property's market value, I can't tell you if the cost should be $400K, $500K or $1M ... that's not my area of expertise and that why we have third party reports ... those of you who are PEs are exempt from my comment :)
I know. I was attempting sarcasm, hence the smiley. My humor must not come across very well across the internet. Maybe not in person either :unsure:

I looked over a commercial inspection report recently, and while appraisers are often accused - fairly or unfairly - of being an advocate at times, it did appear that the inspector was told to hammer the property, and the buyer ended up getting a price concession on the sale. But, could I get far with accusing his report of lacking credibility? I wouldn't ever try, for the reasons you mentioned
 
The credibility issues has to do more with the season inspected and type of testing. I believe both firms did their best under specific conditions which we all can relate to. The first company inspected the roof late spring and did core samples of decking and suspension rafters. The second did it in the dead of winter with 6 inches of snow and completed no core samples. The repair cost difference between the two reports is significant. The latter report showed half the repair cost of the first. There is nothing dodgy going on. The client and I have no intentions of doing anything dubious. How could we, a significant paper trail exist? Again, there are legitimate reasons they want the second report used. The client has even contacted the developer of the second report so they can read or review the first report for possible reconsideration.

Why an extraordinary assumption again? Whoever said you can't undo seeing the first report is absolutely correct. Thereby, it seems the simplest way to handle it would be to assume it does not exist, when in fact it does exist and say why we are using the second report (simply claiming it is done for analysis purpose).
 
The "E" in the EA refers to the point that this assumption is specific to this assignment, which in this case is your assumption that the outside report you're using is sufficiently accurate. The only difference between an EA and all the other "A"s that we normally assert is that this one is specific to this assignment - it's additional to the other assumptions we normally assert.

As for the limitations of using this assumption with this assignment, if you have reason to believe the report is adequate then in SR1.2.f terms it looks like you're covered:

(i) you aren't certain about the condition of the roof so in order to complete your assignment you need to make an assumption about that condition; you can't proceed without making a decision one way or another.

(ii) you have a report in hand which supports this assumption (aka the reasonable basis to make the assumption) and you have reason to believe this report is sufficient for that use

(iii) that being the case your use of this assumption will result in a credible analysis
----------------------------

HCs are normally created by a valuation scenario which poses a hypothetical: "what would the property be worth if this happened?" If your assignment involves a valuation scenario for the "as is" value then using an HC to get to that "As Is" will result in something other than the "As is", i.e., a value subject to that something happening. Calling that "subject to" your value conclusion misses the original question of the "as is" value; conversely, calling the "subject to" the "as is" becomes
misleading.

You can test the proposed usage of this as an HC simply by writing it out in longhand:

"This is what I think the property would be worth if the other inspection report and it's conclusions didn't exist" -

That's really getting away from how HCs are normally used - this hypothetical you're invoking has nothing to do with what the subject attributes actually are or aren't, but rather relate to the existence of this piece of information which is external to the property attributes themselves.
 
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Personally I would be more concerned about potential future Liability with a borrower or client than with the USPAP police. In these situations , especially when the OP says the original report is more credible. In this case the appraiser has no reason to make an-assumption. He already determined the original report is the superior report.

Devils Advocate
: If this was not an-issue why would the client care if the appraiser placed the most weight on the superior report, and to protect all parties why not include both reports and analyses in the report ? In cases where something is known to be a fact the person or company who acts, or fails to act, or conceals a fact, does not even need to intend to be deceptive or misleading to be found guilty of violating USPAP or Real Estate Law. The appraiser could even invoke an-Extraordinary or Hypothetical Assumption, but if the appraiser ever gets pinned in a corner and admits he knowingly chose to use information that was less credible or not reliable he is now in a USPAP sandwich. If a State Board got involved , I have have serious doubts the appraiser could wiggle his way around the facts by using assumptions. This same problem arises when appraisers believe their boiler plate disclaimers will absolve them of something that they knew to be false. A worse situation would be if one of the Intended users or clients turned on the appraiser, claiming they suffered monetary damages because the superior report would have resulted in a higher value or the inferior report may have substantially underestimated, the cost of repairs, replacements or mitigation of some other issue that had not been reported in the inferior report.

In Real Estate Law suits a good attorney will get the appraiser in deposition or on the stand and if he can get the appraiser to admit that he had full and complete knowledge his next step would be to get the appraiser to admit he believed that Report-A was the more credible and Report-B therefore was not used. The use of the Extraordinary Assumption , fails the test because, the appraiser already knows that Report-A is the more credible report and so discovery has already been established. A hypothetical condition is made contrary to fact, the appraiser states that the original report is the more credible one so if he assumed for the purpose of discussion, analysis, or formulation of opinions, what is the basis for the assumption other than someone hoping the Superior Report is never discovered ?

Note : This is not aimed at the Original Poster, I believe he has no agenda and is trying to do this right otherwise he would have never posted it. This is also not so much about USPAP but about how it works in Real Estate Law. The invocation of an-assumption , when it's "contrary to a known fact" can be a land mine. If that assumption was known by the appraiser to be false at the time it was declared ? and later resulted in a loss of value or a substantially higher dollar cost to mitigate, repairs or improvements. At this juncture the appraisers defense starts to get real wonky especially if that assumption was at the direction of the appraisers client, because it may have created a conflict with the appraisers scope of work.

The way I would do this : Just Saying:

Appraiser to Disclose that he has read and reviewed both reports and that in his Opinion and Judgement the Report-A was found to be more credible, and the most weight was placed on it to arrive at any conclusions that would effect his final opinion of market value, and or cost to cure or mitigate some repair or replacement. Then disclose that he also reviewed and analyzed Report-B and considered it , but placed less weight and credibility on it because he did did not consider it to as thorough, accurate, or credible as the original Report-A.
 
Is the purpose of appraisal an opinion of market value ? A list price ? Who is it intended for and what use.
 
If your assignment involves a valuation scenario for the "as is" value than using an HC to get to that "As Is" will result in something other than the "As is", i.e., a value subject to that something happening.

Wow, George, that is a really good explanation. I am impressed. It actually changed my mind on terminology. Your right, when invoking a hypothetical you are no longer providing an "as is" value. It does not change the logic of how it is laid out in the report but does help move things smoothly.
 
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