The "data " does not say anything significant All it showed is that in some census tracts, which they claim are more heavily minority, there is an appraisal "gap," of a few percent ot less, between the appraisal value and the purchase price in purchase assignments. This means nothing, and there should have been a corresponding control data study run between lower-income and lower-income, predominantly white areas to see if there is any more of an appraisal "gap" in sale prices between the two.
They even alluded to a few possible reasons for it, other than bias - and the reasons are deferred maintenance, more flip sales, more FHA finsciang infated saale prices to cover for concessions added. Their cherry-picked data study alone did not prove any deliberate bias was in play.
Further more, fannie and Freddie never bothered to question the high profile cali case if the second vastly hither value appraisal was inflated/pooorly supported /ordered vy the bnorrwoer expressly for that purpose with them choosing an appariser who promised a high value , or had an agenda to do so. The public outcry came after that case, and they did not investigate the appraisals; they enabled the outrage based on a case -some appraisers here who know the area. I believe you were among them, researched comps and concluded the high value seemed not not supported.supported.
The GSE does not have to be our friends, but they are not supposed to be our enemies either, and their declaring that bias was a problem when there were no grounds for it is a deceptive act .
If prices are lower in some heavily minority areas, then values will be lower because appraisers use the sales in the area. All the Freddie and Fannie agencies had to do was explain that to the committees, and as far as I know, they did not.
As far as zero defect, USPAP says perfection is not possible, and if one or two instances happen a year, whether in appraisals or an AVM or other valuation, then let the agreed parties sue in the rare instance they might have a legit case. But demonizing an entire profession on no factual basis is inexcusable.