Randolph Kinney
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Absolutely the best article I have ever read
Keeping the yuan in pocket
Keeping the yuan in pocket
The current-account surplus of a country represents an excess of domestic savings over local investments. The latter have boomed in China in recent years. And yet, the current account hasn't worsened.
How has China managed to engineer such a rise in national thrift, which by now must equal almost half of its GDP, to finance its growing hunger for investments?
That's mystery No. 3.
Economists have advanced plausible hypotheses that seek to solve each of these mysteries separately.
<snip>
So which of the two should the central bank increase?
If it buys domestic assets - government bonds - from banks, it gives people the money they want. This is what happens in developed countries; and this is how they get inflation when the economy grows above its potential.
But in fast-growing developing countries, most notably China, the approach of the central bank is to buy foreign assets - say, U.S. Treasuries - to prevent appreciation in the currency. Since the resultant growth in base money may spark inflation, an attendant practice is "sterilization": The central bank sells local bonds to deny people the purchasing power they want.
<snip>
The People's Bank of China added the equivalent of 5.5 trillion yuan, or $740 billion, to its foreign reserves between the end of 2003 and 2006. In this period, it whittled down its net domestic assets by 3 trillion yuan, Mussa says.
This left Chinese residents high and dry. They had no option except to save more to get the purchasing power they want.
<snip>
In the first half of this year, base money expansion was 6 percent even as nominal GDP grew 16 percent and foreign-exchange reserves jumped by a fifth. Unless China allows significantly faster appreciation in the yuan, obviating the need for large accretion in foreign reserves, there's a good chance that people will save even more and the current-account surplus will bloat even further in 2008.
Either that or the Chinese economy will have a hard landing and demand for money will ebb. That will be more painful to both China and the world.