California Cities Hit the Wall
First Test of New Bankruptcy Law as Revenue Drop Crunches Three Communities
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Confronted by declining tax revenue and rising employee costs, Stockton, Calif., is considering bankruptcy—while several other struggling California cities warn they could eventually face the same predicament.As in Stockton, two other Northern California cities, Hercules and Lincoln, are attempting to restructure their debt and cut employee costs to forestall insolvency. Late last year, Hercules retained bankruptcy attorneys in part to explore options with its creditors.
The problems facing these cities follow the Chapter 9 bankruptcy of Vallejo, Calif., in 2008. Vallejo exited from bankruptcy last year after cutting costs, but its finances remain precarious, officials said.
Since then, there have been municipal bankruptcies elsewhere, including by Central Falls, R.I., Harrisburg, Pa., and Jefferson County, Ala.
While a number of communities nationwide are in financial straits, troubled ones in California are under unusual pressure. State law makes it hard for cities to quickly raise taxes to cover shortfalls because they typically have to gain voter approval for increases. California also was hit harder than many states by the mortgage crisis and housing bust, leaving it with one of the country's highest foreclosure rates. That reduces tax revenue.
California's treasurer, Bill Lockyer, said he is concerned the "reputational stain" from any further municipal bankruptcies in the state might harm the ability of other cities, and perhaps the state, to raise funds in the bond market.
Richard Larkin, director of credit analysis at Herbert J. Sims & Co., an underwriter of tax-exempt bonds, agreed. "The more [bankruptcies] that occur, the more likely that the credit market will begin to make borrowing more difficult by raising interest rates for bond issues of other organizations in California, including the state itself," Mr. Larkin said.
To avoid bankruptcy, other California cities have taken drastic steps in recent years. San Carlos and Half Moon Bay, both south of San Francisco, have outsourced city services such as law enforcement and recreation management to shed their costs.