Why Aren’t More Men Working?
With unemployment at
3.8 percent, its lowest level in many years, the labor market seems healthy.
But that number hides a perplexing anomaly: The percentage of men who are neither working nor looking for work has risen substantially over the past several decades.
The issue, in economist’s jargon, is labor force participation. When the Bureau of Labor Statistics surveys households, every adult is put into one of three categories. Those who have a job are employed. Those who are not working but are searching for a job are unemployed. Those who are neither working nor looking for work are counted as out of the labor force.
The data show some striking changes over time. Among
women, the share out of the labor force has
fallen from 66 percent in 1950 to 43 percent today. That is not surprising in light of changing social norms and the greater career opportunities now open to women.
Men, however, exhibit the opposite long-term trend. In
1950, 14 percent of men were out of the labor force. Today, that figure stands at 31 percent.
As life expectancy rises, people have longer retirements. A man retiring at age 65 in 1950 could expect to live another 13 years. Today, a man retiring at that age has an average retirement of 18 years.
One might wonder how these less educated, prime-age men support themselves after leaving the labor force.
The social safety net plays a role. In a
study for the Mercatus Center of George Mason University, Scott Winship reports that “
75 percent of inactive prime-age men are in a household that received some form of government transfer payment.” Mr. Winship believes that
government disability benefits in particular are one reason for the lack of interest in work.
Moreover, the social safety net extends beyond government aid. For many young adults, living with their parents is a viable option, even if not an attractive one for all participants. The recent
court case brought by a couple to
evict their 30-year-old son from the family home is just one facet of a broader social trend.
John Coglianese documented the rise of what he calls
“in-and-outs” — prime-age men who temporarily leave the labor force. While not working, these men live off their savings or
the income of their spouse or cohabiting partner.
https://www.nytimes.com/2018/06/15/...h_180617&nl=todaysheadlines&nlid=503291100617
Unless the statistics change for whatever reasons, I would not look for increased wages. Government has used the minimum wage to force increases but that has not yielded the expected results. Unless the alternatives to working are reduced, low unemployment rates will not produce increased wages.